Classification and Analyses of Business Process Anomalies |
|
2009 |
1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 |
|
Invalid use of Start Event, Invalid use of End Event, Invalid use of End Event in Normal Flow, Invalid use of Intermediate Event Trigger Types in Attached Boundary of Activity, Invalid use of Intermediate Event Target, Activities without Activation, Activities without Termination, Invalid use of Receive Task, Invalid use of Data-Base XOR Gateway, Invalid use of Event-Based XOR Gateway, Incoming Sequence Flow with Start Event, Outgoing Sequence Flow with End Event, Incoming Sequence Flow with Intermediate Event in Attached Boundary of Activity, Multiple Outgoing Sequence Flow with Intermediate Event in Attached Boundary of Activity, Invalid use of Conditional Sequence Flow, Invalid use of Message Flow in one Pool, Invalid use of Message Flow with Start Event and Gateway, Invalid use of Pool, Invalid use of Lane, Deterministic Deadlock, Non-Deterministic Deadlock, Deterministic Lack of Synchronization, Non-Deterministic Lack of Synchronization, Dead Activity, Deterministic Infinite Loop, Non-Deterministic Infinite Loop |
Learning from Quality Issues of BPMN Models from Industry |
|
2016 |
1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 |
modeling guidelines, industry study, field study |
Inconsistent connection between sub and main process, Usage of message flows on incorrect nodes, Existence of multi merges, Existence of Deadlocks, Incorrect Syntax, Excessive diagram size, Overlay of edges and nodes, Inconsistent incoming and outgoing behavior, Incorrect modeling direction, Inappropriate spacing, Data objects with no link to glossary, Roles with no link to glossary, Gateways with non-compliant labeling, Activities with non-compliant labeling, Events with non-compliant labeling |
A note on BPMN analysis. Towards a taxonomy of selected potential anomalies |
|
2014 |
1, 2.1 |
BPMN |
Incorrect usage of Flow Objects, Incorrect usage of Connecting Object, Incorrect usage of Swimlanes, Invalid use of Start Event, Invalid use of End Event, Activities without activation, Activities without Termination, Invalid use of receive task, Invalid use of Data-Based XOR Gateway, Event-Based XOR Gateway, Incorrect usage of Connecting Object, Invalid use of Pool, Invalid use of Lane, Deadlock, Lack of synchronization, Dead Activity and Infinite Loop |
An Empirical Study of Error Patterns in Industrial Business Process Models |
|
2014 |
1, 2.1, 2.4 |
industry study, field study, metrics |
|
Analysis of Most Common Process Modelling Mistakes in BPMN Process Models |
|
2008 |
1, 3.3 |
BPMN |
Activities in one pool are not connected, Process does not contain a start event, Process does not contain an end event, Sequence flow crosses process boundary, Sequence flow crosses pool boundary, Gateway receives, evaluates or sends a message, Intermediate events are placed on the edge of the pool, Hanging intermediate events or activities, Each lane in the pool contains start event, Incorrect use of time events, Sequence and message event represent data flow, Event is used as a message flow source, Improper use of flow elements, Starting timer placed instead of intermediate timer, Exception flow is not connected to the exception |
Selected Approaches Towards Taxonomy of Business Process Anomalies |
|
2017 |
1, 2.1, 2.4 |
BPMN |
Activity without activation, activity without termination, invalid use of receive task, invalid use of data-based XOR-gateway, event-based XOR-gateway, incorrect usage of connecting object, invalid use of pool, invalid use of lane, |
Structural Detection of Deadlocks in Business Process Models |
|
2008 |
2.1 |
soundness, deadlock |
Reachability with absolute transferability, Reachability without absolute transferability, No Reachability |
Formal Based Correctness Check for ePASS- IoS 1.1 Process Models with Integrated User Support for Error Correcting |
|
2014 |
2.1, 2.4, 4.1 |
subject-oriented modeling, interaction soundness, extended Parallel Activities Specification Scheme for the Internet of Services, deadlock |
Incomplete sequence flow, Contradicting sequence flow, Not-guaranteed termination Incompatible branching behavior, Impossible data-based decisions, Optional participation, Uni-lateral sequentialization, Mixed choices |
A Heuristic Method for Detecting Problems in Business Process Models |
|
2010 |
2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1 |
Prolog, soundness, deadlock, lack of synchronisation, lack of synchronization, comprehensibility, style |
|
Definition and Detection of Control-flow Anti-Patterns in Process Models |
|
2013 |
2.1, 2.3, 2.4 |
control flow, soundness, CAPDL, Control-flow Anti-Pattern Description Language |
Combination of XOR-Split and AND-Join, Combination of AND-Join and XOR-Split, AND-Join as a loop entrance, AND-Split as a loop exit |
Research Report - Process Anti-Patterns: How to Avoid the Common Traps of Business Process Modeling |
|
2007 |
2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 3.3, 5, 6 |
control flow, data flow, IBM WebSphere, branching, soundness, deadlock, lack of synchronization, lack of synchronisation |
Deadlock through Decision-Join Pair, Lack of Synchronization through Fork-Merge Pair, Redundant Branch, Cyclic Deadlock through Join-Fork and Join-Decision Pair, Cyclic Lack of Synchronization through Merge-Fork Pair, Dangling Input, Dangling Output, Multiple Connections between Activities, Passing Shared Data along Several Branches, Passing Unshared Data along Several Branches, Passing the Shared and Unshared Data along Several Branches, Stop Node in Parallel Execution Branches, Data Output upon Termination of a Process |
Visualization of Business Process Modeling Anti Patterns |
|
2009 |
2.1, 2.3, 2.4 |
BPMN-Q, soundness, control flow |
(X)OR-split/AND-join Combination, Entry Into a Parallel Control Block, AND-Join as an Entry Into a Loop, AND-Join After (X)OR-Split Does Not Synchronize, AND-split/XOR-join Combination, Infinite Loop, |
A Novel Graph Reduction Algorithm to Identify Structural Conflicts |
|
2002 |
2.1, 2.4 |
control flow, soundness, deadlock, lack of synchronisation, lack of synchronization |
|
Definition of Deadlock Patterns for Business Processes Workflow Models |
|
1999 |
2.1 |
control flow, deadlock, soundness |
Work item outflow deadlock, Loop deadlock, Multiple source deadlock |
Specification and Detection of Business Process Antipatterns |
|
2015 |
2.1, 2.4, 3.3, 5 |
Service Oriented Detection for Antipatterns in Business Processes, SODA-BP |
Cyclic Deadlock through Join-Fork and Join-Decision Pair, Cyclic Lack of Synchronisation through Merge-Fork Pair, Dangling Inputs and Outputs, Deadlock Through Decision-Join Pair, Lack of Synchronisation through Fork-Merge Pair, Missing Data, Multiple Connections between Activities, assing Shared Data along Several Branches |
Specification of behavioral anti-patterns for the verification of block-structured collaborative business processes |
|
2016a |
2.1, 2.4 |
collaborative business process, cross-organizational collaboration |
|
Ontology-Based Heuristics for Process Behavior: Formalizing False Positive Scenarios. |
|
2016 |
2.1, 2.4, 4.1 |
control flow, sondness, ontology, SWRL, SPARQL |
Deadlock in sequence, Deadlock in cycle, Deadlock in parallel paths, Deadlock in paths with multiple instancesDeadlock in exception management |
On Avoiding Erroneous Synchronization in BPMN Processes |
|
2017 |
2.3, 2.4 |
synchronization, synchronisation, concurrency, unsafeness, check-in, check-out |
|
Business Process Architecture: Use and Correctness |
|
2012 |
2.3, 4.1 |
business process architecture, contract |
Loop, Dead Event, Self Messaging, Trigger Loop, Lost Flows, Multi-cast |
An Analysis and Taxonomy of Unstructured Workflows |
|
2005 |
2.4 |
control flow, soundness, quasi-equivalence |
improper nesting, mismatched pairs |
Towards Ontology-Based Anti-patterns for the Verification of Business Process Behavior |
|
2016c |
2.5 |
control flow, soundness, ontology, SWRL |
|
The generic model query language GMQL - Conceptual specification, implementation, and runtime evaluation |
|
2015 |
3.1, 7.1 |
|
|
Supporting Business Process Improvement through Business Process Weakness Pattern Collections |
|
2015 |
3.1, 5, 7.1, 7.4 |
process optimization, process improvement, Picture, process building block, process flow, information handling |
Decision without impact, redundant activities, redundant data management, edit document after copying it, check or examination after dispatch or digitalization, information digitalized twice differently, printout sent for signature, excessive printing, inappropriate transmission medium, digitalization after printing, IT and paper based archiving, printing from CD, printing for checking or editing, calculation performed manually, digitally available information exchanged personally, data transferred manually, information exchanged via fax, Varying Communication Channels, Multiple Different Negotiation, distributed responsibilities, unclear activity responsibility, distributed data responsibilities, excessive information exchange |
Detecting Common Errors in Event-Driven Process Chains by Label Analysis |
|
2010 |
3.1 |
label, terminological structure, linguistic analysis, language, NLP |
Identical Events Before a Join, Identical Events After a Split, Identical Start Events Precede Same Join, Identical End Events Follow Same Split, Contradicting Events at an AND/OR-Connector, Contradicting Start Events Precede Same AND/OR-Join, Contradicting End Events Follow Same AND/OR-Split, XOR Connector Preceded or Followed by Events A, ¬A and B, Comparison Between Two Values Does not Include the Case "Equality", AND- or OR-Split After a yes/no-Question, Tertium non datur |
Indicators for Open Issues in Business Process Models |
|
2016 |
3.1, 6, 7.1 |
label, terminological structure, linguistic analysis, language, NLP |
Optionality, Or, Useless Test, Missing Negativ Case, Unclear Responsibility, Forgotten Edge Case, Unseparated "Yes"/"No", Contradiction, Double Activity, Missing Automation, Do/Undo, And, Vague Verb, Vague Criteria |
Ensuring the canonicity of process models |
|
2017 |
3.1 |
label, terminological structure, linguistic analysis, language, NLP, canonicity |
Sequence, Parallel, Decision, Skip, Iteration, Extra Specification, Time Exception, Implicit Action, Implicit Decision |
When Language Meets Language: Anti Patterns Resulting from Mixing Natural and Modeling Language |
|
2015 |
3.1 |
label, terminological structure, linguistic analysis, language, NLP, canonicity |
Logical Extra Information, Iteration, Skip, If Evaluation, Wrong Label Class, Multiple Activities, Decision, Content-based Extra Information, Temporal Extra Information |
Automatic Identification of Structural Process Weaknesses – Experiences with Semantic Business Process Modeling in the Financial Sector |
|
2011 |
3.3, 7.2 |
process optimization, process improvement, banking, finance, structural weakness, Semantic Business Process Modeling Language, SBPML, key indicator |
|
Good and Bad Excuses for Unstructured Business Process Models |
|
2007 |
3.3, 7.1 |
soundness, structuredness |
Straight Road with Exits, All Or Nothing, Partial Redo |
Reducing the Cognitive Complexity of Business Process Models |
|
2009 |
3.3 |
understandability, cognitive complexity, mental load |
Unnecessary OR-Gateways, Empty Sequence Flow, useless empty flow, useless element |
Structured Collaborative Workflow Design |
|
2008 |
3.3, 7.1 |
collaborative workflow design, BPEL, Business Process Execution Language |
Similar Functionality Distinct Complexity, Flow Links Sequence, Too Many Assigns, Unnecessary Nesting, Unexploited Potential Parallelism, Similar Functionality Distinct Parallelism, Too Much Computation |
Automatic identification of structural process weaknesses in flow chart diagrams |
|
2011 |
3.3 |
banking, finance, fraud, indicator, metrics |
4-eyes-principle |
Diagnosing and Repairing Data Anomalies in Process Models |
|
2010 |
5 |
data flow, data object |
Too Restrictive Preconditions, Implicit Routing, Implicit Constraints on the Execution Order |
Detection of Anti-Patterns in the Control Flow of Collaborative Business Processes. |
|
2015 |
4.1 |
control flow, soundness, deadlock, UP-ColBPIP |
Deadlock in a Sequence, Deadlock in a Cycle, Deadlock in Parallel Paths, Deadlock in Mutually Exclusive Paths, Deadlock in Paths with Multiple Instances, |
Data Journey Modelling: Predicting Risk for IT Developments |
|
2016 |
5, 7.1, 7.4 |
data movement, data journey |
change of media, context discontinuity, Actors' Properties, Intermediary Flow, Dependent Target, Missing flow, Ephemeral flow, Data Movement |
Data Flow and Validation in Workflow Modelling |
|
2004 |
5 |
data flow, data validation |
Redundant Data, Lost Data, Missing Data, Mismatched Data, Inconsistent Data, Misdirected Data, Insufficient data, Implicit data flow through control flow, Implicit data flow through process data store |
Data-Flow Anti-patterns: Discovering Data-Flow Errors in Workflows |
|
2009 |
5 |
data flow, data validation, Petri-net |
Missing Data, Strongly Redundant Data, Weakly Redundant Data, Strongly Lost Data, Weakly Lost Data, Inconsistent Data, Never destroyed, Twice destroyed, Note Deleted on Time |
Detecting Data-Flow Errors in BPMN 2.0 |
|
2014 |
5 |
data flow |
Missing Data, Missing Optional Data, Strongly Redundant Data, Weakly Redundant Data, Redundant Optional Data, Strongly Lost Data, Weakly Lost Data, Lost Optional Data, Optionally Lost Data, Inconsistent Data |
Detecting Conflicts Between Data-Minimization and Security Requirements in Business Process Models |
|
2018 |
5, 7.1 |
data minimization, privacy, security |
|
Anomalies in Rule-Adapted Workflows - A Taxonomy and Solutions for vBPMN |
|
2012 |
6 |
vBPMN, flexibility, variability, event-aware workflows, conditions, rules, decision table, redundancy |
Unnecessary Control-flow, Modeling Redundancy, Undefined Gateway Conditions, Contradictive Gateway Conditions, Lack Of Synchronization, Flow Deadlock, Flow Livelock, Missing Loop Tolerance, Inconsistent Change Of Past, Redundant Rules, Subsumed Rules, Direct Contradiction, Contradiction in Input, Contradiction in Conclusion, Rule-base Livelock, Rule-base Deadlock, circular rules, Isolated Rule, Useless Conclusions, Missing Rule, Dangling Condition, Dangling States, No Tolerance to Change of Order, Inconsistencies When Inserting Parallel Branches, Redundant Data, Lost Data, Missing Data |
Pattern-Based Semi-Automatic Analysis of Weaknesses in Semantic Business Process Models in the Banking Sector |
|
2010 |
7.1 |
process optimization, process improvement, banking, financeSBPML, semantic business process modeling language, media disruption, |
media break, information deficit, manual activities with automatization potential |
An Empirical Assessment of the Usefulness of Weakness Patterns in Business Process Redesign |
|
2012 |
7.1 |
process optimization, process improvement, business process redesign, Picture, process building block |
Document request causing consulting need, Verification causing document request, Non-productive activity, Inquiry, Manual calculation, Document creation without special information system, Internal communication, Problematic access to legal information, Non-electronic fax, Manual data transfer |
Detecting potential weaknesses in business processes: An exploration of semantic pattern matching in process models |
|
2015 |
7.1 |
process optimization, process improvement, banking, finance, Semantic Business Process Modeling Language, SBPML, generic model query language, GMQL |
Information deficit, Change of medium, Automation potential, Organizational barrier |
Modeling and Analysis of Business Process Compliance |
|
2011 |
7.2 |
compliance, governance, banking, finance, Semantic Business Process Modeling Language, SBPML |
separation of duties, four-eyes-principle, checks, effect sequencing |
Towards Supporting Business Process Compliance Checking with Compliance Pattern Catalogues - A Financial Industry Case Study |
|
2015 |
7.2 |
compliance, governance, banking, finance |
4-Eye-Principle, 4-Eyes-Principle, Identification-transaction, recurring check, agreement, settlement, confirmation, dunning, credit decision |
Automatic Identification of Structural Process Weaknesses – Experiences with Semantic Business Process Modeling in the Financial Sector |
|
2011 |
7.2 |
|
|
Sustainability Patterns for the Improvement of IT-Related Business Processes with Regard to Ecological Goals |
|
2016 |
7.3 |
ecology, sustainability, green GPM |
|
A method for Ecological process optimization, process improvement based on Compliance Checking |
|
2018 |
7.3 |
ecology, sustainability, green GPM |
|
Definition of Deadlock Patterns for Business Processes Workflow Models |
|
1999 |
2.1 |
soundness, deadlock, reachability, transferability |
work item outflow, loop deadlock, multiple source deadlock |
Refactoring BPMN Models: From 'Bad Smells' to Best Practices and Patterns |
|
1999 |
2.1 |
BPMN |
Noun based activity name, Gateway named as activity, Words and/or in activity name, Long activity name, Multiple incoming/outgoing sequence flows, Event-based gateway with outgoing sequence flow unconnected to event, Gateway unsynchronized with preceding subprocess ends, Event outside and inside process, Repeating events, Loop marker on a single iteration task dealing with multiple data objects, Activities dealing with multiple data objects followed by an activi- ties dealing with a single data object without loop, poor diagram layout |
Anti-Patterns for Process Modeling Problems: An analysis of BPMN 2.0-based tools behavior |
|
2019 |
1 |
BPMN |
Activities in one pool are not connected, The event does not contain an end event, Sequence flow crosses sub-process boundary, Sequence flow crosses pool boundary, Gateway receives, evaluates and sends a message, Intermediate events are placed on the edge of the pool, Hanging intermediate events or activities in the process model, Each swimlane in the pool contains start event, Exception flow is not connected to the exception, Message flow misuse across swimlanes. |